As I mentioned in my last post, we decided to take a holiday in the Ligurian region of Italy. Each Italian region has its own unique cuisine, features and identity so I put together this short, and incomplete, guide. I will post more about our specific trip and the locations we visited over the next couple of weeks, but I wanted to provide an overview of this spectacular area.

General Information

Liguria is one of Italy’s smallest region. It’s situated in the north-west of the country and borders with France. A region of mountains (Apennines and Alps) running into the sea, forming beautiful coves and where towns cling to the cliffs and valleys. It’s home to some of the most beautiful beaches in Italy, the picturesque towns of the Cinque Terre (5 lands) as well as the jet set’s favourite Portofino[1]. Genoa is the capital city of Liguria and is Italy’s biggest port so it combines a heavy current industry with the ancient harbour and the largest medieval centre in Europe[2].

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Activities

There seem to be activities for everyone. There are the Apennines and the Alps for keen walkers offering all levels of mountain trekking and several parks and reserves form part of the landscape. There are fantastic beaches to explore, many of which are blue flag, with some offering water sports equipment hire. You can view an array of yachts and working boats or hire a boat for the day from the many harbours. There are beautiful, colourful old towns and villages stuffed full of churches, galleries, museums and historic architecture as well as Etruscan archaeology. If you want the hustle and bustle of the city you can go to Genoa, with is ancient harbour and famous aquarium as well as the medieval centre and an area of merchant palazzi (now mostly banks) which form a UNESCO world heritage site.

Poets and artists

The romantic landscape of Liguria, with its cloud covered mountains and sparkling sea, colourful towns and small harbours have long since attracted a literary crowd. Byron famously swam from Porto Venere to Lerici. Percy Shelley drowned here while on holiday with Mary Shelley, indeed, this area is now called “The Bay of Poets”. D.H. Lawrence recuperated from tuberculosis in Spotorno and was allegedly inspired to write “Lady Chatterley’s lover” while staying there. Even Ernest Hemingway was a regular feature and had a noted spot in a Genoese bar, and that’s just some of the writers! If I am feeling mean spirited I would add that this is in part due to its long associations with the well to do and the fact that many literary and artistic figures were either themselves wealthy or given patronage by those that were. However, the landscape here is unbelievably beautiful so it’s no surprise so many people should have been, and continue to be, inspired by it. The quality of the light reminded us of St Ives, the artistic enclave in the UK, which seems to conspire to make everything incredibly picturesque.

Weather

The sea and the mountains combine to provide slightly cooler temperatures than we were used to and less humidity but it felt much hotter in the sun. The fresher conditions were just what we were looking for as Bologna is always humid but becomes increasingly so as the summer progresses. Another benefit of the weather conditions seemed to be a reduction in the number of mosquitos.

How to get there and get around

By Air

There is an airport at Genoa, which is probably the most convenient if you are travelling from overseas.

By Train

Trains run frequently throughout the region, including intercity trains to/from Milan etc. Regional trains are cheap and cheerful, intercity and Freccia trains are air conditioned and luxurious but cost more.

Tickets and seats

You need to buy a ticket before you travel and, where indicated, you must validate your ticket at the machine (usually at the entrance to the platform) before you board. You can book a seat on the intercity and Freccia trains, but not on the cheaper regional ones. During the corona virus restrictions you were required to provide some additional information when you booked your ticket and there were clear instructions on the platform and on the trains themselves about what you needed to do, where you could sit, where to get on and off the train carriage etc.

By Ferry

You can usually travel around the Cinque Terre and between coastal villages by ferry, particularly during the high season. Tickets can be bought in a ticket booth at the ferry departure point. Sadly during our visit Rapallo harbour was under maintenance and the Cinque Terre ferries were not running, however we were able to get the ferry from Santa Margherita Ligure to Portofino and San Fruttuoso.

By Car

The main roads are toll roads and run through many tunnels and across viaducts. You are issued a ticket when you join and are required to insert the ticket and pay at the pay point when you leave. It can all be done by credit or bank card. It cost us €18 for the whole stretch from Bologna to Rapallo. The more minor roads are twisting and winding up and down mountains and valleys, which can be more physically demanding than you may be used to, they’re also sometimes single track and you can’t help notice that there are bus stop signs either side of the road here so you need to be vigilant for passing points. These roads take longer to navigate than their length might suggest as it’s not often possible to drive them at, or close to, the speed limit, however they also offer some of the best views.

Parking

Each town or city in Italy is likely to have a ZTL (Traffic limited zone), you need to keep to the main through roads and look for parking outside the ZTL if you want to avoid a fine. Fines are done by traffic camera not wardens so you are not likely to find out if you have received a fine immediately. However, we have always found ZTL maps and parking locations easy to find on the internet so as long as you check ahead you should be fine free.

What to eat

Ligurian cuisine truly reflects its location with dishes from both the sea and the mountains. On many menus you will find:

Antipasti (appetiser)

Focaccia col formaggio/pizza (focaccia with cheese/cheese and tomato) – very thin focaccia with cheese/cheese and tomato inside, toasted and served in squares. This is gooey and delicious, but portions can be large so be careful!

Acciughe marinato (marinated anchovies) – butterflied fresh anchovies in a light marinade. Served with a lemon wedge. A breaded and fried version is also common.

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Primi (pasta)

Spaghetti allo scoglio (spaghetti with seafood) – pretty much what it says it is. Served in a tomato sauce. The seafood is served whole with a bowl for shells. Fingers are licked clean with a moist lemon towelette to finish up.

Spaghetti agli scampetti (spaghetti with local scampi) – served in a tomato sauce shell on. Again, comes with a bowl for shells and a towelette.

Trofie al pesto (local pasta shape coated in pesto) – a local kind of pasta that resembles a square of pasta rolled up on the diagonal, the pasta is coated in pesto (N.B. some place may make the pesto authentically with the necessary ingredients in a pestle and mortar but this would be expensive so on a menu you are likely to be getting a pesto with less premium ingredients and made in a blender. However as discussed, fresh pesto is a beautiful thing). This dish is also often served with potatoes and beans (patate e fagiolini).

Ravioli in salsa di noci (stuffed pasta with nut sauce) – meat or fish stuffed pasta with a sauce of crushed walnuts.

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Secondi (main)

Coniglio (Rabbit) – Often quartered and braised with vegetables.

Fresh local fish – depending on the season and what is available that day. Restaurants may also indicate on the menu where they are using frozen fish.

General eating

Genoese Pesto

I cannot over emphasise what a difference in taste you get from pesto made using artisanal processes. Some of you may have made pesto before and if so, you will have found that freshly made pesto tastes infinitely, well fresher, than anything you can buy in a jar, that’s true here as well. However, the version available in Liguria is infinitely better still. It is all made in a pestle and mortar. When you eat it you can taste each component part as well as the whole and it is incredibly fresh and light. As you can imagine this is a labour intensive process and so a tub of the genuine stuff is expensive but well worth it. As always with Italian food, it’s the quality of the products that make the dish, simple but irresistible. Here is a link to the “official” pesto recipe.

Olives

Famous for both the olives themselves and their oil. Oil here is often bottled and consumed young so you can find bottling dates and best before dates on the labels. They are considered among the best olives and olive oil in Italy.

Basil

Specifically, the DOP basil (grown in a specific area in a certified way). They use this in their famous pesto and many other regional dishes and drinks. Basil granita is not an unusual sight in Gelateria (Ice cream shops).

What to drink?

Cocktails

Many bars offer cocktails as part of their Aperitivo. The lists vary in length and complexity. They may also feature local twists such as basil or local spirits such as Nocino (a nut liqueur)

White wine

Pigato – An old local variety[3] that seems to be closely related to Vermentino, but the grapes have duskier skins and the finished wine has a drier taste. It’s thought its freshness comes from the grapes growing close to the sea.

Cinque Terre – a wine from the local Bosco and Albarola grape varieties[4]. Its fresh and light tasting.

Vermentino- Although a dry white wine, this is the sweetest and most aromatic of the local wines.

Red Wine

Dolceacqua – A red wine produced from the indigenous Rossese grape. A fresh red with scent of the sea, wild berries and Mediterranean flowers[5]

Summary

As you can see, there is plenty to do and eat in this region and it’s well worth the visit. We will certainly be returning to experience some the things we weren’t able to squeeze in on this occasion as well as revisit the places that we really enjoyed. More information on where to stay and what to do can be found here.

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[1] ‘Liguria’ (Italian Tourism Official Website, 2020) <http://www.italia.it/en/discover-italy/liguria.html> accessed 3 July 2020

[2] ‘Liguria’ (En.wikipedia.org, 2020) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liguria> accessed 3 July 2020

[3] ‘Pigato, Vendita E Prezzi Pigato | Callmewine’ (Callmewine.com, 2020) <https://www.callmewine.com/pigato-V216.htm> accessed 19 July 2020.

[4] ‘Cinque Terre Bianco | Callmewine’ (Callmewine.com, 2020) <https://www.callmewine.com/cinque-terre-bianco-V79.htm> accessed 19 July 2020.

[5] ‘Rossese Di Dolceacqua | Callmewine’ (Callmewine.com, 2020) <https://www.callmewine.com/rossese-V247.htm> accessed 19 July 2020.